Textile dyes are dyes used for textile dyeing. According to the properties and usage methods of dyes, they can be divided into reducing dyes, sulfurizing dyes, reactive dyes, azo dyes, acid dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, and dispersed dyes.
1. Acid dyes
Acid dyes contain acidic groups in dye molecules, also known as anionic dyes, which bind to amino groups in protein fiber molecules through ionic bonds. They are suitable for acidic, weak acid, or neutral conditions. This dye is water-soluble and mainly used for dyeing wool, silk, and nylon. Bright color, poor washing and sun fastness, and significant variety differences.

2. Cationic dyes (basic dyes)
Cationic dyes are a type of textile dye, also known as alkaline dyes and alkaline dyes. Cationic dyes dissolve in water in a cationic state. Cationic dyes dissolve in water and ionize in aqueous solutions to form positively charged colored ion dyes. The cation of the dye can bind with the acidic groups of the third monomer in the fabric, thereby dyeing the fiber. Suitable for acrylic, polyester, nylon, cellulose, and protein fibers.

3. Direct dye
Direct dyes are dyes that can be heated and boiled in neutral and weakly bound media without the need for a mordant. Direct dyes are formed by the van der Waals forces of hydrogen bonds between direct dyes and cotton fibers. It can be directly dyed on various cellulose fiber fabrics. Their washing fastness is poor and their light fastness varies, but the washing fastness of modified direct dyes will be improved.

4. Disperse dye
Disperse dyes are small molecule textile dyes that do not contain water-soluble functional groups in their structure. When dyeing, it is necessary to use dispersants to evenly disperse the dye in the dye solution in order to dye polyester and other fibers. Disperse dyes are mainly used for dyeing polyester fibers, acetate fibers, and polyamide fibers in chemical fibers. Chemical fiber fabrics dyed with dispersed dyes have bright colors, good washing fastness, and wide applications.

5. Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes are a new type of water-soluble textile dye. Reactive dyes contain reactive groups that can react with hydroxyl groups in cellulose and amino groups in protein fibers. When dyeing, they form covalent bonds with fibers to form “dye fiber” compounds.

6. Sulfur dyes
Dyes dissolved in alkaline sulfides are suitable for fabrics made from cellulose rather than protein. The color is gray, mainly navy blue, black, and brown. Good light fastness, wash fastness, and chlorine bleaching fastness. This fabric will damage the fibers after long-term storage.